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Virgo. Image source: Bode, Johann Elert. Uranographia. Berlin, 1801, pl. 14.

Out of This World

The Golden Age of the Celestial Atlas

Goldbach, Christian Friedrich. Neuster Himmels-Atlas. Weimar, 1799.

Goldbach's star atlas is a fairly exact copy of the Bode Flamsteed edition of 1782, with two striking differences. The most obvious is that Goldbach's star maps are white on a black background. The second modification is that a matching plate is provided on the facing page with the constellation figures omitted. The first image is a detail of the plate of Andromeda, and the second image is the matching plate without the constellation outline. The primary achievement of the featureless plate is to demonstrate why astronomers invented constellation figures in the first place; they aid considerably in orienting the eye.

What is particularly interesting about the Goldbach atlas is the method of printing. Normally, white on black images are printed on woodblocks; the Semler atlas of 1731 used such a technique. Goldbach's images however were engraved on copper plates, which were then printed in relief (with the ink on the surface) rather than in intaglio (with the ink down in the engraved lines and the surface wiped clean).

Andromeda, with constellation outlines included. Image source: Goldbach, Christian Friedrich. Neuster Himmels-Atlas. Weimar: Industrie - Comptoirs, 1799, pl. 3.

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Andromeda, without constellation outlines. Image source: Goldbach, Christian Friedrich. Neuster Himmels-Atlas. Weimar: Industrie - Comptoirs, 1799, pl. 3.

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